Journal: Neurotrauma Reports

Article Title: A Research Protocol to Study the Priming Effects of Breathing Low Oxygen on Enhancing Training-Related Gains in Walking Function for Persons With Spinal Cord Injury: The BO 2 ST Trial

doi: 10.1089/neur.2023.0036

Figure Lengend Snippet: Illustration of study hypotheses. We hypothesize that the combination of tAIH + WALK tSTIM will result in larger, more persistent improvements (increase in efficacy) in walking speed than tAIH + WALK tSHAM or Placebo + WALK tSTIM . Additionally, we hypothesize that tAIH + WALK tSTIM will result in fewer training sessions to achieve an MCID in walking speed improvements (greater potency) compared to Placebo + WALK tSTIM or tAIH + WALK tSHAM . MCID, minimal clinically important difference; tAIH, therapeutic intermittent hypoxia; WALK tSTIM , transcutaneous spinal stimulation-enhanced walking therapy.

Article Snippet: A research team member, not blinded to the intervention, configures the portable stimulation system (SCONE; SpineX Inc; Los Angeles, CA; ) and places the device superficial to the thoracolumbar region of the spinal cord.

Techniques:

Journal: Neurotrauma Reports

Article Title: A Research Protocol to Study the Priming Effects of Breathing Low Oxygen on Enhancing Training-Related Gains in Walking Function for Persons With Spinal Cord Injury: The BO 2 ST Trial

doi: 10.1089/neur.2023.0036

Figure Lengend Snippet: Flow diagram of anticipated subject recruitment, enrollment, intervention allocation, and disposition status. We anticipate N = 48 people with SCI to complete the study. SCI, spinal cord injury; tAIH, therapeutic intermittent hypoxia; WALK tSTIM , transcutaneous spinal stimulation-enhanced walking therapy.

Article Snippet: A research team member, not blinded to the intervention, configures the portable stimulation system (SCONE; SpineX Inc; Los Angeles, CA; ) and places the device superficial to the thoracolumbar region of the spinal cord.

Techniques:

Journal: Neurotrauma Reports

Article Title: A Research Protocol to Study the Priming Effects of Breathing Low Oxygen on Enhancing Training-Related Gains in Walking Function for Persons With Spinal Cord Injury: The BO 2 ST Trial

doi: 10.1089/neur.2023.0036

Figure Lengend Snippet: Study Eligibility Criteria

Article Snippet: A research team member, not blinded to the intervention, configures the portable stimulation system (SCONE; SpineX Inc; Los Angeles, CA; ) and places the device superficial to the thoracolumbar region of the spinal cord.

Techniques: Muscles

Journal: Neurotrauma Reports

Article Title: A Research Protocol to Study the Priming Effects of Breathing Low Oxygen on Enhancing Training-Related Gains in Walking Function for Persons With Spinal Cord Injury: The BO 2 ST Trial

doi: 10.1089/neur.2023.0036

Figure Lengend Snippet: Timeline of interventions and assessments. After the initial screening visit (S), each intervention consists of eight sessions of walking training (WALK) alone, followed by eight additional sessions of tAIH or Placebo before WALK tSTIM or WALK tSHAM . Assessments occur at baseline (BL), at the end of intervention weeks 2 (T 0 ), 3 (T 1 ), and 4 (T 2 ), and, again, after 1 (F 1 ), 4 (F 4 ), and 8 weeks (F 8 ) after the last intervention session. tAIH, therapeutic intermittent hypoxia; WALK tSTIM , transcutaneous spinal stimulation-enhanced walking therapy.

Article Snippet: A research team member, not blinded to the intervention, configures the portable stimulation system (SCONE; SpineX Inc; Los Angeles, CA; ) and places the device superficial to the thoracolumbar region of the spinal cord.

Techniques:

Journal: Neurotrauma Reports

Article Title: A Research Protocol to Study the Priming Effects of Breathing Low Oxygen on Enhancing Training-Related Gains in Walking Function for Persons With Spinal Cord Injury: The BO 2 ST Trial

doi: 10.1089/neur.2023.0036

Figure Lengend Snippet: Illustration of intervention protocols ( A ) A participant receives a tAIH sequence consisting of fifteen 1.5-min episodes of breathing low oxygen (10% O 2 ) with 1-min intervals of breathing room air (21% O 2 ). ( B ) We monitor the participant's heart rate (HR), blood oxygen saturation (SpO 2 ), and blood pressure (BP) during tAIH intervention. ( C ) During the tSTIM protocol, participants receive a sequence of 1-ms bursts of electrical stimulation at 30 Hz with a 10-kHz carrier frequency that targets the thoracolumbar region (T 11 –L 2 ). We set the stimulation amplitude to a subthreshold intensity between 0 and 200 mA before the intervention session ( D ). The subthreshold stimulation is active during 45 min of skill-based walking practice (WALK tSTIM ). tAIH, therapeutic intermittent hypoxia; tSTIM, transcutaneous spinal stimulation; WALK tSTIM , transcutaneous spinal stimulation-enhanced walking therapy.

Article Snippet: A research team member, not blinded to the intervention, configures the portable stimulation system (SCONE; SpineX Inc; Los Angeles, CA; ) and places the device superficial to the thoracolumbar region of the spinal cord.

Techniques: Sequencing

Journal: The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences

Article Title: Wearable Technologies Using Peripheral Neuromodulation to Enhance Mobility and Gait Function in Older Adults―A Narrative Review

doi: 10.1093/gerona/glac045

Figure Lengend Snippet: Peripheral Neuromodulation Technologies Reviewed

Article Snippet: Portable Neuromodulation Stimulation (PoNS) (Helius Medical Technologies, Newton, PA, USA) ( 20 ) , Electro-tactile stimulation of the tongue combined with physical therapy to enhance gait function , Mild to moderate traumatic brain injury , Sensory augmentation.

Techniques: Muscles, Control, Stripping Membranes, Functional Assay